Managing Closed Landfills

Council currently manages three closed landfills at Clunes, Creswick, and Daylesford. Council is responsible for: maintaining these sites; monitoring for water and air pollutants as per the Environment Protection Act 2017; and ensuring the land, and sometimes buildings on surrounding land, can safely accommodate human activity under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. There are currently no operational landfills in Hepburn Shire.

The former Daylesford and Creswick landfill sites are licensed by the EPA and have their own Aftercare Management Plans that are regularly monitored and audited. The management plans provide guidelines for site inspections, maintenance, and environmental monitoring.

The Clunes former landfill site is exempt from licensing by the EPA as it serviced populations smaller than 5,000 people. Because this site was an unlicensed landfill, there is no official aftercare management plans or monitoring requirements. Council still conducts environmental monitoring of this site to mitigate risk.

These monitoring results and the preparation Environmental Management Plan respond to Council's determination at the 3 September 2024 Council meeting, and we are committed to ongoing environmental assessments which will also be publicly available.

A summary of the most recent monitoring program and results for each site are detailed in each of the sections below.

Daylesford

Former Daylesford Landfill - Ajax Road, Daylesford
Current use: Daylesford Transfer Station
Environmental Monitoring: Groundwater, leachate, landfill gas

The current site of Daylesford’s community transfer station at Ajax Road once served as a small town tip (now called ‘landfill’) for Daylesford and surrounds.

Council’s monitoring and management obligations

As a land manager under the Environment Protection Act for water and air pollution control. This activity is oversighted by EPA.

When deciding planning permits and planning scheme changes under the Planning and Environment Act for ‘landfill gas migration’ issues i.e. whether methane and carbon dioxide as the natural byproducts of decomposing waste have moved offsite through the ground – for an explanation of the phenomenon, see Section 4 of EPA Landfill Buffer Guideline.

Council management obligations will flow from any detected pollutant or gases beyond acceptable limits and can include:

  • on site by remedial works i.e. construction of water retention basins or removal or management of odour or dust producing material.
  • Requiring specific building techniques to avoid build-up of gases inside new buildings on the land and nearby land through planning permits – a similar approach to building in bushfire risk areas.

Addressing potential for landfill gas migration on nearby land The EPA Landfill Buffer Guideline provides standard planning permit conditions for building near landfills including across Victoria at Appendix C. This requires assessment of methane and carbon dioxide risk on a site – testing looks similar to pre-build geotechnical tests with some bore holes and testing equipment. If gases are detected above unacceptable levels, requirements for specific preventative building techniques is the most common response to manage the issue near smaller closed tips – some of these techniques are described at Section 12 of the EPA Guideline. More substantial landfills i.e. serving large metropolitan populations can require consideration of rezoning surround land or preventing residential, hospitals and child-care facilities nearby.

Planning action - satisfactory completion of landfill gas migration monitoring at Daylesford

In February and May 2026, Council completed monitoring of methane levels on and around the former Daylesford landfill site consistent with Landfill buffer guidelines (EPA 2024). The results showed consistently negligible levels of methane beyond the former landfill site boundary.

Relying on the independent monitoring results, Council has concluded that there is no basis to pursue further land use and development controls. Existing State and Local zoning, policy and guidelines for managing potential impacts from the active transfer station may still require consideration for nearby planning applications – these typically address standard land use interaction matters such as dust, odour and traffic.

This closes out the planning scheme action and Daylesford-Hepburn Structure Plan action to investigate gas migration levels and consider whether planning controls or other actions are warranted to further manage the issue. Officers will recommend Council’s 2026 Hepburn Planning Scheme review including the following change: delete the text, ", Daylesford," from the third paragraph of the Schedule to Clause 74.02 Further strategic work.

2024/25

 Daylesford Closed Landfill - Environmental Monitoring Event Report - August 2024.pdf(PDF, 6MB)

Daylesford Closed Landfill - Environmental Monitoring Report Review Daylesford 2024.pdf(PDF, 656KB)

Daylesford Closed Landfill - Environmental Monitoring Event Report - February 2025.pdf(PDF, 6MB)

2025/26

 Daylesford Closed Landfill - Landfill Gas Monitoring Report - October 2025.pdf(PDF, 4MB)

Daylesford Closed Landfill - Gas Risk Assessment - November 2025.pdf(PDF, 14MB)

Daylesford Closed Landfill - Environmental Monitoring Event Report - February 2026(PDF, 4MB)

Daylesford Landfill Aftercare Management Plan 2026(PDF, 2MB)

Daylesford Closed Landfill - Environmental Monitoring Event Report - May 2026(PDF, 5MB)